Psychopathology and Parental Stress in 3–6-Year-Old Children with Incontinence

Abstract. Objective: Incontinence and functional gastrointestinal disorders are common in young children associated with higher rates of psychological symptoms mental disorders. This article focuses on the mutual association between incontinence related toilet refusal syndrome, parental stress, children’s psychopathology especially children. Methods: Children’s symptoms, disorders, stress levels were assessed 38 parent-child dyads involving 42 typically developing (TD) Results: Compared to TD children, patients had internalizing externalizing CBCL scores clinically relevant problems. However, problems did not differ. The parents reported significantly regarding child-related factors (PSI-CD) than there no a group level, which remained below clinical range (T-value < 60). When simultaneously analyzed, (comorbid) but major impact stress. Conclusions: Despite moderate levels, urinary fecal highly prevalent among was mainly elicited by any disorder.